Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms — Full Study Guide

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, enacted in 1982 as part of the Constitution, is the cornerstone of Canadian law. It guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to everyone in Canada.

Fundamental Freedoms (Section 2)

• Freedom of conscience and religion
• Freedom of thought, belief, opinion, and expression (including press)
• Freedom of peaceful assembly
• Freedom of association

Democratic Rights (Sections 3-5)

Every citizen has the right to vote and run for office. Elections must be held at least every 5 years. Parliament and legislatures must sit at least once every 12 months.

Mobility Rights (Section 6)

Citizens can enter, remain in, and leave Canada. Citizens and permanent residents can move to and work in any province.

Legal Rights (Sections 7-14)

Right to life, liberty, and security of the person. Protection against unreasonable search and seizure. Right not to be arbitrarily detained. Rights on arrest: to be informed of reasons, to retain counsel, to habeas corpus. Right to a fair trial. Protection against cruel and unusual punishment.

Equality Rights (Section 15)

Every person is equal before and under the law, with equal protection and benefit. No discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability.

Official Languages (Sections 16-22)

English and French are Canada's official languages with equal status in federal institutions.

The Reasonable Limits Clause (Section 1)

Rights can be limited by law if the limits are reasonable and justified in a free and democratic society.

Test your knowledge: practice rights questions.